Of Ocado Chief Executive Tim Steiner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Of Ocado Chief Executive Tim Steiner - Essay Examplewastage include indicating a use by label on their products and donating foods that exceed the guaranteed product life but are at bottom products use by dates. Carbon emission and food wastage reduction are beta initiatives because they uphold a clean and safe environment that benefits businesses and the community at large.Ocado takes deliberate initiatives to reward and instruct its employees. The companys employee benefits package includes allowing its employees to own its share with an aim to give them a sense of will power over the company. It does this through its Ocado Sharesave Scheme that enables employees to save and own shares proportional to their savings. This is an important element of corporate cordial responsibility because employees are crucial to the success of any business. Charitable donations are an important element of Ocados corporate social responsibility. It has a charity committee that organizes events and devices ways of raising funds. Ocado has given to Macmillan Cancer Support, British Heart Foundation and NSPCC. Charitable donations show a companys selflessness and

Environment and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Environment and development - Essay ExampleWhat is perceived of the term Ethical utilisation, at the very basic level, is the buying, purchasing, consuming or to obtain something for ones own personal or (at least related) use keeping in mind the good set one has launch for ones own sake. Now different people may have different ethical values but beings with similar ethical values tend to form conventions and societies as illustrated by Stuart abode the word can be used to describe the shared values of a group or of a society (Hall , p.2). These groups tend to act as mass effectors and can really bring qualifying in lieu of what they consider ethically right or wrong. However, the correctness of their own ethical views does not matter in this regard since most people form almost the same ethical values concerning certain aspects of our planet, the humanity and the environment. Now people who buy, with reference to their own established ethical standards of shopping or consumin g to be more precise may consider a certain product to be ethically wrong or being produced in a manner which is ethically wrong or its very production effects certain aspects which the consumer tends to care about, and hence considers the production ethically wrong presently this consumer, who considers a product to be immoral may boycott its purchase or avoid it at all possible costs, at least thats the general perceived reaction from a consumer who buys in accordance to his ethical standards. And the same can be expected off a certain group formed due to similar ethical standards concerning a certain product, and it is quite evident that the group and all the same the individual alone can affect the market value of that certain product in a positive (if the product meets their ethical standards) or negative (if the product does not meet their ethical standards) manner. solely it is not always the case that the consumer considers buying with respect to his/ her

General Principles of Criminal Liability Assignment

General Principles of Criminal Liability - Assignment ExampleAnd, anything that does not encounter with such goodness is evil or crime deserving punishment. Such a belief is followed by the order of magnitude as a whole and such moral thoughts consider crime as evil, reflecting a direct association of the criminal fair play and morality (Gilly, Gilinskiy and Sergevnin 2009). Jurisprudential positivists assimilate tried to focus on the fact that legal philosophy and morality are separated. The connection between legality and morality was master(prenominal)ly support by the classical natural faithfulness thinkers. However favourableness reflects a theory that criminal law is not associated with moral. The positivists tried their best to bang between law and morality but it could be obtained that if the 2 were separated then all intersections of criminal law and morality would be rejected. Thus the concept of positivism in relation to cause a separation between law and morali ty was found to be confusing and hence eventually unacceptable (Legal Positivism of Law 2012). The inherent relation between law and morality has become more prominent. This is reflected in issues of homosexual marriage or rights of abortion where the criminal law based on English law can be seen to be supporting issues based on the moral principles carried by the society since the early times. One of the most common cases in the English law that reflects on the relation between the criminal law and mortality is the Regina v. Dudley & Stephens Case. The case reflects upon twain men and a boy who became stranded at a sea, and when they were almost dying, the two men contumacious to kill the boy and eat him up, considering the fact that the boy did not drive a family like they did, and also was starving. However, post their rescue, the two men were charged by the court as guilty of the murder and the law does not have support for the excuse they presented (Regina v. Dudley & Steph ens Morality, Murder and the Criminal Law 2009). In the above mentioned cases, the decisions of the legal musical arrangement have significantly been based on the moral beliefs of the society. Thus it can be said that although the positivists tried to distinguish the two considering the fact that the nature of the law needs to be assorted and irrespective of the moral beliefs of the society however, it could not be achieved and hence the inherent relation of law and morality is prevalent and can be significantly seen in several criminal cases in the present times. Solution 2 As furthest as legal certainty with regard to English law is concerned, there are laws that determine the laws in the system. There are particular discipline and approaches of all lawyers that they use for resolution of legal issues. One of the main aims of the system of precedent is to establish legal certainty. Considering the law of precedent, the legal system should stand by what it has decided on any par ticular issue. This is also known as the doctrine of stare decisis, where for example, the decision taken by a High Court is imposed upon the lower courts. However, such a legal system would only mean that in certain cases, the treatment for same crimes or acts might become different thereby raising the question of injustice, if the precedent cases are not highlighted or overviewed while considering a stream case (Perell 1987). As could be observed in the case of Bell v Lever Brothers Ltd, the model was based

Agriculture paper on your chosen culture Assignment

Agriculture paper on your chosen culture - Assignment drillThe goosefoot, sump weed and sunflowers were the first crops to be domesticated and cultivated by the immanent American Indians, roughly especially along the Mississippi River (Agriculture American Indian, 2003). The development of agriculture advanced with the invention of further boorish methods such as irrigation, which allowed the American Indians to produce nutrition crops constantly, resulting in the beginning of the cultivation of corn starting signal 3400 A.D. Thus, by 1000 A.D., the Native American Indians had already narrowed down their crop cultivation to iii major food crops namely the corn, squash and beans (Nabhan, 1989).By the time of the European contact, the Native Indian Americans were already producing food at a large scale, capable of keeping their community throughout the year without shortages. The food crop merchandise methods of the American Indian did not entail fertilizing the land using orga nic matter. On the contrary, they maintained soil fertility through planting their crops as a mixture of corn, beans and squash inside the same piece of land, allowing the crops to re-fertilize the land though nitrogen fixation. The custom of the Native Indian Americans was to abandon the worn out(p) land once it proved to start becoming less productive, and in turn cleared other new lands (Hurt, 1987). Further development and civilization saw the development of village sovereignty, which claimed certain territories of land as their own, and then tilled the land to provide for the village community. The family lineage system was also recognized as the basis of land ownership among the village residents, where the family heads could be allocated specific pieces land for their own agricultural production (Agriculture American Indian, 2003).However, following the European contact and the subsequent settlement of the Europeans in North America, different Native American

SWOT Analysis of a commercial product (a new environmentally friendly Term Paper

SWOT Analysis of a commercial product (a novel environmentally friendly railroad car called Sun Top) - Term Paper ExampleThe car is made with the ability to shift wheel engines so that the back of the car becomes smaller for efficient parking. It is therefore a space saving car. The cars can aim as oxygen generators, recharging stations, and solar energy storage batteries. Opportunities The auto industry is under radical change. on that point be environmental concerns that require manufacturing of environmentally friendly automobiles there are issues of increase gas prices, and increasing economy fuel standards. These are push factors to the manufacturers to produce efficient cars that fit the consumers needs. there is increasing admit from the public for energy efficient, money saving, environmentally friendly, reliable and practical cars (X3). Weaknesses Electric cars reception in the market is exempt weak irrespective of the current market demand. Some people still consid er it dim and non fit for the market. Some people are still not comfortable with the size of the cars which accommodates nevertheless two people (X3). The car still has a very low speed. The current highest speed is one hundred thirty mph, but there are other Sun Top types with 70 mph. This is not acceptable in the current market where so many automobiles have higher speeds of even 200km/h and above. The only return it has is its unique combination of money saving ability, efficiency, reliability and eco-friendliness. It cannot be used by families that need bigger cars to accommodate bigger numbers. Another problem is that the market is still full of other normal cars and it is not the only eco-friendly car in the market. The brand is weaker compared to other companies, such as Audi, Volkswagen, Chevrolet, Lexus, Hyundai, Mitsubishi, Subaru, Ford, Toyota, and Nissan, all with different types of eco-friendly cars ledger entry the same market targeted by Sun Tops company (X2). T hese companies have already schematic market. Threats The market has increasing demand for eco-friendly cars, but there are different types world introduced in the market. There are eco-friendly cars powered by electric batteries, hydrogen, natural gas, and biodiesel that emit less polluting gases. These are cars that will postulate for the same market that Sun Tops company is looking forward to exploiting. There is alike a lot of competition from the normal cars with high speed, still common in the market, and still current in the market. There are various companies with eco-friendly cars, that is, companies such as Audi, Volkswagen, Chevrolet, Lexus, Hyundai, Mitsubishi, Subaru, Ford, Toyota, Nissan, and many more (X2). The same companies still offer competition from the normal cars they develop and their innovative and creative abilities. Competition is not from the structure, the size and the abilities of the cars, the companies are aware of the same market being competed f or and so are a source of threat because of their abilities in different areas of management. Different types of cars are also entering the market. These could be preferred compared to the current eco-friendly car being introduced into the market. This is why innovation by other companies is a very big threat. An example is the existence of driverless cars introduced by Google. Uncertainty of consumer behavior is another threat. They may choose the driverless or any newly developed cars and bring home the bacon the current eco-friendly cars in the market. Marketing Strategy Target Market Sun Top is a new product

My Visit to the Art Institute of Chicago Research Paper - 5

My catch to the Art Institute of Chicago - Research Paper ExampleThe museum is by far the most tantalising museum in Chicago, with an amazing array of art. The museum, which is located on South Michigan Avenue (111) in Illinois, is domicil to numerous pieces of art that I later came to know from the curator were most 300,000. During my visit, 27th November, 2015, the museum was opened from around 10 am and closed at 8 pm. Even before I begin to follow my experience inside the museum, I have to highlight the awe I felt when I was at the grip. Just at the entrance, visitors were greeted by the sculptures of lions strategically placed in such a manner that it gave the head game of a palace been guarded by the vicious creatures. I found this to be like an aphrodisiac, in the sense that it enticed visitors to visit the museum in order to have a glimpse of the art inside. Even if a person, may not have originally been interested in visiting the museum, the sight of the lions is enou gh to sweetening anyone. Furthermore, the building is a good example of the ingenuity of the architecture of the many buildings in Chicago. I was able-bodied to learn a lot about the city by just being at the entrance it was a very good presentation. Mind you, the premise offers a spectacular glimpse of the Millennium Park. I have to confess that I did not expect to be bombarded by thousands of art on display. at that place were numerous exhibitions on display, but as staunch Van Gogh fan, I was naturally propelled to adore one of his paintings, The Bedroom (1853-1890). The pictures I had previously seen on the internet cannot begin to explain the intensity of the colours or the mastery of the brush strokes.

The Role of Information Systems to Support an Organization Essay

The Role of Information Systems to Support an Organization - Essay ExampleThese management systems be also termed as collaboration systems.In the days of the past, collaboration among peers or colleagues was not as light as it has been made by the aid of collaboration systems. The well-known quote Two heads are break than one can be used to define the concept of collaboration systems. It is a common work out in organizations for people to work together and this collaboration usually achieves better results than working in isolation. Pinnadyne (2009) state that collaboration might involve the activity of generation of an idea, creation of a new concept or implementation of a common goal. Therefore it can be defined as the joint enter to achieve a common goal with a shared direction. Collaboration Systems have the following tools gist management involves the process of storing information for retrieval by users whenever the need arises. Hartland (2009) explained that it facilitat es the workflow of a group of peers or colleagues that would be snarled in accessing or adding content in the repository. It can be considered as a collection of processes that provide management of the workflows involved in the system. There might be many users involved in the process of adding data to the repositories therefore there needs to be a mechanism to hide such activities. The data in the content management systems might be of different types for example, documents, video clips, images, person-to-person information etc. Content management system in an enterprise is considered to be their vital plus nowadays as it gives a structured look to their unstructured data, while catering to all the multifariousness of formats that might exist in the data.Another critical aspect of content management is the ability to pass on versions of data as it evolves. The version number is a well-known mechanism to keep track of aged(prenominal) and new data. Some organizations do not value older versions of data but it also has a

William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

William Shakespeares Twelfth iniquity - Essay ExampleThe role of Viola is a handmaid that perfectly demonstrates the willing service she will offer in her role being a wife.From Violas seat as wife of Orsino presumes an sexy demand that includes Violas unselfish love and the contentment of gender-blurring making it noticeable the tickling possibility indoors the unequal function relationship inherent in condition of service itself. Whereas lashings of critics use up outlined fictitious plots of women concealed as boys to serve their male beloveds, the absolute range and power of these erotic relationships implies that Twelfth Night depicts an existing matter of social relations in the early coetaneous family.The Malvolio plot is an intricate apparatus for the managing of affairs between upper servants and their employers. The Twelfth Night may have been making the most out of the scandal of an underground social practice. This is for because of the apparent signification of passionate meanings finished certain kinds and colors of clothing and the circulation of indistinct verse with equally indistinct handwriting. Inside Olivias household is the exposure of conspiracies and sexual liaisons.The Twelfth Night play tolerates a lot of lavishly erotic interactions that remains observably insensitive to Malvolios desire. Malvolio is much more ridiculous for wanting to marry Olivia than is Olivia for wanting to marry Caesario. Moreover, Twelfth Night draws a line that connects acceptably arousing erotics of service and a social taboo. Malvolios desire for power created a affright on both social and symbolic register. The character that Malvolio plays performs an ambitious individualism that will eventually be successful in clearing out an ideology of service at the heart of other employer-servant relationships in the early ultramodern culture in his humorless desire for power over others along with his self-centeredness that lurk behind an submissive fa ade. Erotics of service have traversed the boundaries of social standards at a certain degree. heathen anxieties do not essentially show a direct relationship with the degree of threat involved. Albeit a considerable number of women are essentially engaged in sexual acts with their male servants, the opportunity for erotic intrigues in households became part of a cultural fantasy. With their differences in position, Olivia and Malvolios sexual connection is considered impossible within the society. From the enigmatic transition from feudal to capitalist economies, from the related decline in the status of servants, and from the fluidity of their status within individual households, all of these shaped the erotics of service in the early modern household. Furthermore, the Twelfth Night portrays a potent strategy of gaining dominance in a household and a depiction of the early modern cultures deepest fears as the ideology of service, so important to a neo-feudal hierarchy based on r ank and class, showed signs of tension. As a servant, Malvolio pulled off a particular degree of glory and good affluence through his large(p) effort of serving as a steward of great noble household accounting to his trustworthiness especially to his mistress. Despite the fact that his deeds designates a severe punishment, Malvolios effort was really improper

Employment Law - Employment Contracts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Employment Law - Employment Contracts - Essay ExampleThis rather strike fact guides leaders in all types of organizations across the globe to believe that, rather than it being a mistake, that there are slightons to be learned from what has happened over the past two and a half decades, oddly with regard to management types of issues (Harris, 2008).Over the course of the past 25 years, a lot of workforce issues behave been revolutionized. Back in those rather unadorned times, the law of labor and employment was a comparatively round-eyed arena. The Fair Labor Standards action required minimum wages and overtime and the Labor Management transaction Act protected employees rights to form fusions. OSHA was a three year old legal infant. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was still a sleeping giant. State law was at will and right to work (Harris, 2008, p.1). Furthermore, The economy was fueled by the heavily nonionic smoke stack industries of auto, steel, rubber and coal. Employee is sues were often handled by payroll or strength clerks. Formal training in the field was voiceless in industrial relations, i.e., dealing with unions, rather than tender-hearted resources management (Harris, 2008, p.1).Although some of the aforementioned policies and rules changed and s... Unions are not needed to enforce OSHA, COBRA, ERISA, the immigration Reform and Control Act, WARN, the ADEA, the ADA, the Employee Polygraph Protection Act, and most recently, the FMLA. Even that old sleeping giant, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, was roused by its 1991 amendments (Harris, 2008, p.1).At the state level of sources, institutions, and most of all enforcements, individual employee rights take the form of wrongful discharge and opposite solutions such as common law torts. These solutions have matured significantly over the past 25 years. Other developments in the area of individual employee rights at the state level include complexity of the administration system, erudition of gover nment agencies, and superiority of special interest groups. Furthermore, refinement has occurred among lawyers and in human resources (Harris, 2008). Now, employees can do things on their own that they could not do without support from organized groups in the past. They can still try support from these groups, but are not obligated to (Harris, 2008).As the law of individual rights grew, former personnel managers became trained in behavioral motivation, training, career development, counseling, appropriate discipline, fair policies, good communication and, most importantly, democratic management. Risk management and human resources development merged to afford better workplaces and an environment which made unions less and less appealing to employees. Old labor lawyers turned their experience in campaigning against unions to assist human resource managers cope with all the necessary changes. We became human resource counselors as well as union battle horses (Harris, 2008, p.1).Chang es that occurred in the economy were concurrent with the changes that occurred in

Benefits and limitation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Benefits and limitation - Essay ExampleIt is worth to note that health cultivation system adoption constitutes benefits and limitations towards planning and implementation of devote hygiene meekness re-education program (Peter, 2010). Some of the benefits include health information systems ability to enables access to comprehensive, legible, and organized persevering information and grapheme literature at the point of healthcare service. This boosts compliance of the nurse as far as ease up cleaning compliance is concerned. Health information system constitutes networked computers that are located in each trial room and physicians office a provider can also access data over the Internet which is effective in promoting re-education program.The main limitation concerns set-up and training. The duration to set up and follow to use a system is often a challenge. However, users share common lists, data entry templates and textbook macros to decrease start-up time for users. T his means that much time should be allocated at the beginning of the re-education program so that the nurses can master how to use the health information system. The planning must also constitute huge outlay of the training shifts and adjustable time frame that allow for smooth transition from the paper charts to health information system (Carroll, 2009). The overall goal of adopting health information system is to improve on the compliance on hand hygiene which is the main cause of hospital acquired infections.Time is the central resource that leave behind be taken into consideration when implementing the adoption of health information system (Peter, 2010). In the acute setting, the patient requires immediate attention and this puts significant pressure on the nurse. In this regard, it is appropriate to allocate much time in training the healthcare providers on how to apply health information system in hand hygiene compliance so that once they assigned a patient in ambulatory con dition, it would be easy to work.Availability of

Philosophical Ethics - Utilitarianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Philosophical Ethics - Utilitarianism - turn out ExampleThere are drawbacks to seeing things from mess abouts perspective, first of all because Mill lived in a society which was much different and much less global than todays society. Secondly, in that location are problems in equating society at the beginning of the industrial revolution, in terms of character reference and safety of the workplace. So, many of the primaeval uses of the philosophy have been supplanted by new uses, in which authors like Bentham diffuse definitions of utility, in two basically positivist representations of utilitarianism by these authors.Mill was famous with a philosophy called utilitarianism. An apology is due to the philosophical opponents of utilitarianism, for even the momentary appearance of confounding them with any one capable of so absurd a misconception which is the more extraordinary, inasmuch as the contrary accusation, of referring everything to pleasure (Mill, 2010). The author doe snt go into a lot of detail about this philosophy or the fact that it is rather out of date today, since it enjoyed its or so prominence in the Victorian era. However people still do talk about utilitarianism today, and Mill uses a basically utilitarian argument of logic to state that no one should be more or less important than anyone else, in terms of sentient beings. Compared to Bentham, Mill is the earlier writer, and therefore he supplies more of a framework of utilitarianism. He sets out to define the theory as well as defend it, and the document is very insistent that this philosophy should not be conflated with simple hedonism. Rather, it is more of an early attempt at a social capital theory, with generalized terms that would represent the equation of happiness in society.What Mill and Bentham both see utilitarianism as is a example theory, and this is correct, and therefore the author uses the moral theory to back up their own moral philosophy. Jeremy Bentham incorporat ed the essential basis

Summarizing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Summarizing - Essay ExampleReligious constitutions argon meaning(a) to these leaders because they act as their guidance. They view themselves as leaders chosen by God.Monarchy could relate its route of leadership to the supreme authority. The leadership is hereditary and remains within the family. The family members are the top organ of the country. These twain types of monarchy still exist barely differ in their structure. The Arabs drew a common definition to vestibular sense this Monarchies. A situation like this could use the word Malik to balance. People say king and Malik is both equal, and they are both important (Gause 96).Arabs have evidence on their royal titles. A person could trace the stress of the title by studying the evidence, example, studying the coins (Gause 95). In ancient Arab, people did not like the Kings. Arabs did not want any form of central government. Liqah is the word used to describe people who abide by every rule of the king.Islam draws their hate of kings from the bible. They give the example of the monarchy of Israel, in the book of Hebrews. The case is not the similar for all Kings. The Quran depicts David and Solomon as good kings. The only difference of determining which kingdom is good is when bingle contrasts kingdoms with caliph and caliphate (Gause 79).Malik depicted military leaders. Their authority was secular, where religion had no place (Gause 90). The rule had no laws from the ruler, but rather use of personal thoughts. King, as a title, was improved in terms of imperialism. After improvements, the shape king improves and becomes sultan or Persian. Pedishabs self-declare themselves as emperors. They make their own rights and rules. Examples of padishans are the sultan of Turkey and Shah of Persia. The considers them peachy (Gause 95).Kings were coordinators of the Padishans. The title of king became so small and less influential in Muslim countries. Foreign leaders in the country were kings. Harun al-Rashid was a

Alcohol in America. Should the US lower legal drinking age to 18 Term Paper

Alcohol in America. Should the US lower legal imbibing long time to 18 - Term Paper Examplege should be lowered to 18 like in most other countries legally when one is 18 they are recognised as an adult and they usher out go to war, buy a gun serve in a jury and even be tried as an adult. Therefore according to some the individual should be allowed to drink if they so convey given that they are able to take responsibility for their own actions. Despite this, other far little novel and more compelling reasons if taken to consideration go out institute that lowering the current alcohol addiction age would be a costly mistake. This admit safety and health issues bearing in estimate that when one is given a driving licence, and a permit to drink, their discretion in not doing some(prenominal) at the same time is responsible not just for theirs but the lives of other people. This paper seeks to prove that the drinking age should be maintained and this will be done through consid ering arguments to render an purpose and critical summation of the issue.Lowering the drinking age would be medically irresponsible, scientist have proven that utilisation of alcohol by young adults can interfere with the development of their frontal robes, which play an essential role in their normal functioning and emotional regulation. Consequently, when children aged 18 are allowed to access alcohol they will be put at risk of developing a vulnerability to chronic mental hassle such as a propensity for addition and dangerous risk taking behaviour that could include but not limited to driving while under the influence. In relations to issues of health, binge drinking which is highly popular among college and even high school children has been found to be a leading pee of alcohol poisoning since when the underage drink they tend to overdo it. According to the Centre For Science In The Public Interest, as many as 30, 000 college student require medical attention as a result of alcohol related complications each year and between 1999 and 2005, it is estimated that 157 college students aged between 18 and 23,

Groups in High School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Groups in High develop - Essay ExampleThe gentlemen ask principals but only when necessary. They ask questions solely to clarify their concept. Whether or not the layer pays attention to their question does not matter to them. All they want is clear concept from the teacher. They fathert tend to become prominent through speaking in the class or acting in the ways that ar expected of the undefended children. They are quite likely to be seen in spectacles. Most of them lose their eye-sight as a consequence of their obsession with studies. The gentlemen assume a higher side amongst the class fellows. They are idealized by the regulars and envied by the game benchers. The Regulars The regulars are seated in among the gentlemen and the dressing benchers. They invite a bulk of the class and are the main source of income for the schools. They are the question raisers. They raise questions not because they are quite as interested in the lecture, but because they want to come thei r presence felt. Quite often, the regulars establish a gentleman as a benchmark and commit to themselves that they would clamber that particular gentleman in the upcoming exam. Some epochs, the regular works hard enough to achieve this conclusion and thus, be promoted from the status of a regular to a gentleman. The regulars are generally quite vocal active their ambitions and challenges. If one regular establishes a gentleman as a benchmark, his friends would most likely know it. The regulars are all-rounders. They are not bad at studies but also not very good either. They guard a wide array of topics to discuss with their friends on everyday basis. They are the first to know which motion-picture show is expected to release when and how much business would it do. They know what is going on in the national and internationalistic political scenario. In other words, their attention is diverted to so many areas at the same time that they are not able to do as good in studies as t hey are capable of doing. In a vast majority of cases, the regulars are more brilliant than the gentleman, but they cannot help paid attention to activities other than studies. If they focus entirely upon their studies, they can do much better than most gentlemen. many another(prenominal) regulars are in this community because of their laziness. If they overcome their laziness, they are quite capable of becoming the gentlemen. The Back Benchers The back benchers are just as many as the gentlemen in the class. They occupy the rear-most seats in the class and are least enthusiastic about studies. They come to class just for the attendance. They bunk the classes yet make sure that they attend the classes just enough to have their case forwarded to the board for enrollment in the exam. The back benchers come into the classroom with earphones plugged in. They listen to the songs on MP3 while the lecture is on. Some of them sleep with their heads heap on the table. They are artists. Mo st of them sleep in a way that you cannot catch them from a surmount. They check over the book high in the hands to hide the face behind that. Somebody from a distance can take a back bencher for a gentleman. They are mostly found in the cafeteria with a cup of tea in one hand and a cigarette in the other. Their most dearie topic of discussion is girls. One back bencher consults the other for ways to make friends with girls. They discuss how they spent the spend and the plans for the upcoming weekend. The back benchers

Argue for or against identifying one's race or cultural identify on Essay

Argue for or against identifying ones track down or cultural identify on documents such as census figs, college applications, studen - Essay casefulThe truth is, the concept of rush along has been a damaging concept within Western society and the counseling in which we define race is an irrational foundation for the different experiences that people have within the join States. Therefore, the concept of indicating a race on a public form such as a census form, college application, student loan, or scholarship application is a continuation of an antiquated and unenlightened form of thinking which depreciates the overall value of society. The basis for defining race is founded on the affectation of skin. There be a variety of other factors that contribute to creating indicators of race, but the basic concept is defined by the color of a persons skin. In an expanded capacity, the color of the skin is then combined with physical attributes that are associated with regional ethni c markers that create physically similar characteristics. From the point of view of social standing, race is further defined by similar ancestral backgrounds, such as African founded heritages that form the convention that is called African American, or Black. However, race is a complicated concept because of the multi-racial aspects of heritage that make up the recital of most people within the United States. Therefore, because a skin color appears to be of one race or another, that becomes the founding principal on which race is determined.

The Death of Ivan Ilych Essay Example for Free

The Death of Ivan Ilych EssayDuring Ilychs conflict with the first doctor he consulted about his condition, he noticed that the doctor was a man who considered himself an dexterous in his turf and who looked down on everybody else as people who knew a lot less and whose lives would be affected by his own choice of moves, acts or decisions. In the role of the patient whose ailment was thus far to be specifically identified, Ilych noticed that the doctor he visited and those he subsequently went to, as well personified the national official that he was. Having been serving as the examining magistrate of the town, Ilych was undoubtedly powerful and influential.He could summon any man, whatever his station was rich or poor, educated or ignorant, successful or otherwise to the court, and he could do with them whatever he wanted to do by the decisions that only he could make. He reveled in the program line he wielded he figured out complicated cases and readily saw them as s imple knots, and he concluded countless of cases without emotion and using only objectivity, logic and his authority. The outcome of some cases destroyed lives, off victims worlds upside down, ended professional careers, broke families, shut down businesses and shattered dreams of many people.Through it all, Ilych was the barren magistrate who could not care less what happened to any of the many participants in the cases he officiated. He was puffed up, cauterize and undeniably proud. The same arrogance could be found in most other characters in the novel Ilychs colleagues saw nothing in his death but a definite signal of changes in the make-up of their elite circle. They were more concerned with what Ilychs demise would mean to their respective posts. The same selfishness was present mostly by everyone.Even Ilychs wife could not disguise her greed for what she would be authorise to as a widow. On the whole, the story is a sad depiction of how meaningless life tolerate be when lived for the wrong reasons, purposes and goals. The happy bit of a part is brought about by knowing that beforehand he finally drew his last breath, Ilych shook himself free of such wrong values and beliefs he found out that love and concern for others are the things that genuinely lead a person to puzzle happiness.Works Cited Tolstoy, Leo. The Death of Ivan Ilych. Kila, Montana Kessinger Publishing, 2004.

Conflict in Sudan Essay Example for Free

Conflict in Sudan EssayThere get to been many a(prenominal) meshings in different components of the world, causation a lot of effectuate to the pityingity and the raw(a) environment, which has always remained a silent victim. Many batch deplete been killed because of these conflicts, while causing lot of devastating effects to the environment. During the war, a lot of pollutants argon released to the environment which ends up affecting human beings and the natural resources.Other resources be depleted in the ensuing conflicts. The major concerns on the current issues or so conflicts, both internal and regional argon found in the developing countries. These countries do not have the scotch capacity to deal with the conflict situation, hence make the problems even worse (IRIN, 2007).Africa has had a commodious date history of civil war from the colonial times, and many are still evidenced today. Most of the African nations fight oer borders, which were mostly dema rcated by the colonialists. These are regional conflicts, while internal conflicts arises due to the people fight for scarce natural resources, for instance fertile farming land, and water.The Sudanese president is a treasured man on the list of the International Criminal Court (ICC) for crimes against humanity in the conflict that has been fetching place in the country for almost 20 years, leaving hundreds of thousands of people dead (Goldberg, 2009).Causes and Effects of fight in SudanThere has been a long civil war in Southern Sudan that has led to the world-wide community through the United Nations and the African union to try and broker peace. The war witnessed in the region is considered as a fight between the different ethnic and tribal groups (IRIN, 2007). The mostly known contrast groups are the government side and the Janjaweed rebel group. There is however separatewisewise smaller rebel groups that have complicated the matter further.The major cause of the war in Sudan has been attributed to battle for water between the Baggara nomads who move to the South (an area occupied by the farming community), in search of water. This conflict has led to many deaths in the region, despite the presence of the peace forces.There are other reasons that have been cited as having contributed to the conflict, although the major reason has been the increase in population which the natural resources are not able to hold, hence making the groups to fight over the scarce resources. On the other hand, there have been claims that the Arab dominants, who are Muslims, have been fighting the scandalous Africans, who are mostly Christians to wipe them from the region. This is what has led to the US declaring this to be a form of genocide, which has taken place under the watch of President Al Bashir who the ICC wants arrested for the crimes (Goldberg, 2009).As already mentioned, the war was triggered by fighting for scarce resources, which was water. However, con sidering the continued fights, the environment is even endangered more, making it more impossible to support the population. This on the other hand aggravates the situation when the natural resources are not able to support them.The conflict over resources in Sudan started at a local level in Darfur region, but developed into becoming a national issue whereby economic and political marginalization has been heightened. The situation has been make worse because of ethnicity differences. Therefore, despite economic and political and religious factors contributing to the conflict in Darfur Sudan, the major problem has surrounded the environment.The Sudanese Arabs who are nomads moved southward in search of greener pastures and water for their animals and entered the territory of the Black farmers, leading to the two groups to conflict. The Black farmers complained to the Khartoum government, but on realizing that the government was not keen on solving the problem, the Black farmers reb elled against the government. This disorder led to fighting between the people, destroying a lot of property, both manmade and naturally (Borger, 2007).The two groups fighting severally other have distinct life styles, hence through their fights each tries to destroy the strategic areas that the other depends on, as a way of weakening them. For instance, the nomads usually would graze their animals on the crops of the farmers, destroying their source of spiritedlihood. On the other hand, the farmers set the grazing land for the nomads on fire so that they lack animal feeds. Furthermore, as the nomads are known of moving from one region o another in search of greener pastures, the farmers have close up their migration paths, forcing them to overgraze in one region, hence also affecting their source of livelihood. Such actions from both camps have made the situation to be worse as the conflict continues.Many of the refugees from Sudan have fled to the neighboring countries like Ch ad. The asylums in the neighboring countries have not made the refugees completely safe, but have even put the lives of the residents of the legion country in danger. This is because the Janjaweed rebels have been following the refugees to their camps, and attacking them from there. This has made the residents in the legion country who live near the refugee camps to move away from them to areas that are more secure. In essence, the citizens have been made insecure in their own land. This on the other hand might thus cause conflict between the refugees and the citizens of the host country, which again might rise to the national level (Gouroukoun, 2006).ConclusionThe major effect of the Sudans conflict has been on the number of the people who have been killed. This is basically a major concern to everybody, including the humanitarian groups that are mostly found in Sudan, and the international community. However, it has to be understood that since the Sudan conflict is directly linked to the natural resources, which is an environmental, issue, the conflict has continued to affect the environment even to higher magnitude.The Arab Sudanese have always been in the altogether trees which the farmers have planted in their farms, as well as grazing on the farmers crops. On the other hand, the farmers have been burning the grazing land for the nomads. All these actions have got detrimental effects to the environment. The nomads moved southwards in search of greener pastures, yet they are cutting the trees that are important in rain formation, so it is obvious that a dry spell would be in the region for a long time.On the other hand, as the Black farmers burn the grazing ground, this also affects their farming activities since important macro organisms are killed. Therefore, all these environmental impacts would make the conflict to remain for a long time as long the involved bodies are only concerned with solving the immediate humanitarian crisis, rather than looking at the root cause of the problem, and how to avert it occurring in future.ReferenceBorger, Julian (2007). Darfur conflict heralds era of wars triggered by temper change, UN report warns. Retrieved on March 24, 2009 from http//www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2007/jun/23/sudan.climatechange.Goldberg, M. L. (2009). The President of Sudan to be a Wanted contend Criminal, retrieved on March 24, 2009 from http//www.undispatch.com/node/7698.Gouroukoun (2006). Chadians Increasingly Feel Impact of Darfur Conflict, Retrieved on March 24, 2009, from http//www.voanews.com/english/ history/2006-04/2006-04-21-voa44.cfm.IRIN. (2007). Sudan Climate change only one cause among many for Darfur conflict, retrieved on March 24, 2009 from http//www.globalsecurity.org/military/ subroutine library/news/2007/06/mil-070628-irin03.htm.

As You Like It Essay (Advanced English) Essay Example for Free

As You want It Essay (Advanced English) EssayA star of be can be founded by with(predicate) an one-on-ones personal aspiration to inherently connect with other lot. The interaction and interconnectedness of kinships can be viewed as the to the highest degree significant factor influencing an individuals sense of acceptance inwardly their surrounding environs and ultimately will determine the level of draw they can acquire personally. The comedic play As You handle It composed by William Shakespeare (16th Century), examines the idea of belonging to heap and its significant influence everyplace an individual. Similarly, Ang Lees film Sense and Sensibility (1997), correspondingly explores the perception of belonging through the interaction and take with people and the relationships that are innately developed. Through the using up of line drawing indoors some(prenominal) texts, the nonion is exhaustively explored to exercise a deepened understanding of belo nging to people and how it can significantly influence an individual in most cases favorably. However, there are some instances where an individual can non find a personal sense of acceptance within the relationships they withhold and therefore do not achieve a sense of affiliation within their complaisant surroundings.The idea that people and the relationships they develop are the most influential facet in deciphering ones sense of belonging, is thoroughly examined within Shakespeares As You Like It. This is evident through the characterisation of Rosalind and the agreeable familial relationship she has with her cousin Celia. As they both were bred together and grew up within the court , from their cradles to adulthood, both Celia and Rosalind have developed an inherent familial bond for one another becoming inseparable. Shakespeare emphasised on the loving and devout nature of their relationship to the audience by demonstrating Celias absolute adoration for Rosalind over her ta ke in Father. This can be observed when Rosalind was banished from her home, the court, by Duke Fredrick (Celias father). Celias sense of belonging to her father was vitiated as he betrayed her familial trust and so asked him, Pronounce the sentence on me my liege, I cannot work without her company. The formality of the blank verse illustrates her detachment from her father and demonstrates the breakdown in their filial relationship. However, Shakespeare has apply this to illuminate Celias loyalty and familial belonging to Rosalind, thus conveying their inseparable nature and the pixilated sense of affiliation between one another. (337)Similarly, in Sense and Sensibility the widowed mother Mrs. Dashwood and her three daughters are exiled from their home due to social expectations. However, even with the removal of their place of belonging it is their strong familial bonds and connections that allow them to find a sense of individual affiliation. This is evident towards the begi nning of the film when they are introduced to their saucily home a small cottage in the country side which has just been juxtaposed with the vestibule seen in the previously. As they walk up towards the cottage their is a long shot that portrays the family walking towards the cottage together in a huddled group. Ang lee, has used this positioning of the camera and the actors to display the idea that it is within family they find belonging not place. This again supports the notion that belonging is most significantly founded within the people and relationships an individual withholds. (537)Furthermore, Shakespeares portrayal of the loving sentimentalist relationship between Orlando and Rosalind additionally acts as a representation of how influential the contact between people can affect an individuals sense of belonging. With Rosalind and Orlando finding themselves in the Forest of Arden due to the external influences of powerful men exerting their hate, such as Duke Fredrick and Oliver, both characters find themselves in similar circumstances. However, it is Orlandos love that demonstrates his sense of affiliation to Rosalind through metaphorical language by comparing her to precious objects. He passionately declares, No jewel is like Rosalind Her worth, being attach on the wind which clearly exemplifies to the audience of his complete love for her. The use of extensive amount of romantic poetry and adoring tone is used to demonstrate their love towards one another. And that they find their sense of belonging with one another no matter where they are and what place they are set, again emphasising the significance of contact between people becoming a poignant source of belonging for an individual.As each individual is intrinsically different, where relationships and interacting with others may offer satisfaction to some, others find greater fulfillment in self. Shakespeare clearly demonstrates this choice of belonging to self rather through the contact of other people, through the characterisation of Jaques. Being described as melancholy Jaques chooses not to affiliate with the people around him, and finds satisfaction in being alone. Jaques believes that the worst fault you have is to be in love. His cynical tone and strength towards love and relationships demonstrate his choice not to associate himself with others. In effect, Shakespeare uses prose to enhance ones perceptivity into people who chose not to conform to belonging. This is a singular instance where an individual does not find a sense of belonging through the contact between people and the relationships developed, however, represents a lonely and melancholy life. inappropriate to this, majority of the characters within Sense and Sensibility finds a sense of belonging through the people they associate with.In Sense and Sensibility, Marian falls in love to a young suitor named Willoughby. However, Willoughby chooses not to belong to Marian due to social expectations, w hich essentially, caused personal consequences for his sense of affiliation. These consequences fit evident within the last scene, The marriage, when Marian has been happily married to Brendan and the whole town is celebrating. in that respect is a close medium shot of the both of them happily departing from the church, when the camera suddenly cuts to Willoughby up on a hill. Out from the town he is looking down on the celebrations with a saddened expression. Through the use of camera techniques and expression it becomes evident to the audience that he feels a sense of exclusion and detachment from the people he once was closely affiliated with. This further emphasises the consequences that can come to an individual when they chose expectations and society over the people and relationships they withhold. Nevertheless, the consequences of being lonely is welcoming to him and therefore, does not negatively affect him likeWilloughby.Moreover, the interconnectedness and affiliation w ith people is the most significant factor influencing an individuals sense of belonging or not belonging. Throughout the text As you like it and the film Sense and sensibility, this idea is thoroughly explored through the characters represented by the composers and the relationships they developed, either familial or romantic. However, although one can find significant belonging through another person, some can chose not to belong, such as Jaques or Willoughby and by choosing not to belong it can construct consequences resulting in a sense of loneliness. However, there are singular instances, like Jaques, where choosing not to belong to people can create self fulfillment in ones self and a sense of belonging.

Digital and Film Photography at a Glance in the 21st Century Essay Example for Free

digital and Film Photography at a Glance in the 21st Century EssayThere is a festering reason in the world of picture taking today. We no longer live in the days of dark rooms, untidy chemicals, and rolls of film. Technology has expanded our horizons of what we view as picture taking today. The amazeing debate is foc expendd between deuce separate groups the traditionalists, and those that subscribe to progression. Digital Photography versus film is at its peak of controversy. There are those that exigency to continue the time honored tradition and artistic integrity of film photography, and yet a growing group of artists that embrace the future and technology with digital photography. I, personally, washbowl relate to both sides of the argument, and mean to take into account a unbiased view of each. By establishing both the positive and contradict attributes of film and digital photography, the final examination decision is up to the reader to choose where their alli ance lays. The tried and rightful(a) method of film photography still carries many benefits. The overall photo quality is still best when using film. This is especially dependable when it comes to larger sized, up to and including wall-sized prints. This all breaks down to the photos resolution. Resolution can be neutered with film in the takement process.A standard resolution for 35mm films is 24 megapixels. A megapixel refers to peerless gazillion pixels, but this can be altered and scanned to higher resolutions with high-grained film. Film tv tv cameras are besides beneficial to the wallet. A high definition film camera is still much cheaper than its digital analog. Film cameras are also less likely to depreciate, because of market standards and the lack of new film technology, film cameras seem to keep, or grow in value. A camera that utilizes film also expands the photographers repertoire of tools such as lenses, filters, time lapses, and overexposure. (Unknown) Digital photography is not without its own advantages. When using a digital camera the bang-up advantage is that you have an LCD screen, and can assess framing and focus. Digital cameras additionally provide a histogram display that guarantee you a much higher percentage of well exposed. This is a great tending when shooting. No longer are the days when you have to develop your images before reviewing them. You are able, through the use of a digital camera, to see the final image immediately after it is shot. These images are then stored on an electronic storage device mmediately that actually require much less care than negative film.The top executive to have a finished image in such short time cuts down on the be and time of developing each individual image. (Maercado) Though the cost of a film camera is cheaper in comparison to its digital neighbor, the cost is vastly outweighed by the necessary funds call for to develop film. Access to a darkroom, and chemicals necessary in devel opment of film, make this a hefty downside to its use. This is especially true when dealing with the fact that every image must(prenominal) be developed first before its final product is seen. This can penetrate quite deeply monetarily.A darkroom, and the constant replenishment of chemicals, can cost upwards of hundreds of dollars. This does not include starting costs of building the darkroom. Film negatives can also bring low over time if they are not properly stored, making long-term access to film images erratic. (10Ap) Digital photography is not without its own drawbacks. Given the ever expanding and continuous progression of the digital market, a camera can become obsolete almost immediately after purchase. This is not even mentioning that the cost of a digital camera with the same quality found in a film camera can cost almost double.This initial cost may also include the necessary software take ined to editing and development of images. Most of the software needed is com plicated and can be only purchased at a hefty sum. Staying ahead of market trends, and technology as a whole, depends upon an ever increasing need to be technologically savvy. Though you not only have to be knowledgeable in photography, you must also have an increased knowledge of computers, and technological advancement. The software, as with the cameras themselves, advances at rapid speed. This means that one must be constantly learning, and re-evaluating their education. (King and Timacheff) The pros and cons of the two different aspects of photography seem to be pretty evenly weighed. The ultimate decision between the two mediums is really left wing up to the artists themselves. It seems to be a matter of taste over substance. Each have costs attributing to negative outcomes, but have positive results either way. Resolution, image quality, and upkeep can be circumvented with either digital or film. What sets a photographer apart from their peers is the artistic eye, and the abi lity to find and capture beauty with some(prenominal) is at hand.Referenceshttp//www.dlcphotography.net/Digital vs Film.htmhttp//www.wisegeek.com/what-are-some-benefits-of-using-film-cameras.htmhttp//www.dummies.com/how-to/content/the-advantages-to-film-cameras-over-digital-camera.html

Cultural baggage and Cultural tourism by Dr Jim Butcher, an evaluation Essay Example for Free

heathen baggage and cultural tourism by Dr Jim Butcher, an paygrade EssayDr Jim Butcher, the author of the article above, has researched on its various facets of tourism such as its moralization, innovations, and heathenish, ethical, ecological and anthropological aspects and also as a tool for sustainable development. He has several publications to his credit (www. canterbury. ac. uk). The article under(a) review authored by Dr Butcher appears as a book chapter in the Book Innovations in Cultural Tourism(2001) edited by him.Key issues of the article are the positive and potential aspects of ethnic tourism which some critiques discount it as antidevelopment and prone to cause conflicts between the host and the tourist. The author is of the view that ethnic tourism has its roots to the mans craving for alien cultures and the need for relief from monotony of contemporaneity and as such it has naturally arrest as a blessing to the economically backward regions. He has foun d three aspects of culture as a function, as a past and as a dissimilitude overshadowing the goodness of cultural tourism.The main aim of the author is to dispel the negative impression created by these aspects in the minds of the critics. The book chapter under evaluation is not in laymans language. Even a discernible student of tourism would find it difficult to distinguish between cultural baggage and cultural tourism or relationship between the two terms. Whatever Dr Butcher says about cultural tourism has been in one aspect or another touched upon by his peers.That the cultural tourism has come of age and is capable of benefiting the economically weaker nations or places within nations and that it promotes cultural exchanges, fusion of culture, that it simply promotes or creates sensation of hosts culture and that it has been gradually making countries sans boundaries with only natural barriers by creating a nip of oneness, have all been also discussed by other authors on th e subject if one happens to visit the website of the UNESCO on cultural tourism. (unesco.org) and many others. His unique findings are that the over functional culture, its past char causeer and its difference outlook overshadow the real creative character of cultural tourism. He has taken pains to apologize all the three in almost four pages out of hardly six, which is an indicator of his serious chafe towards Cultural Tourism. His conclusion that cultural tourism results in economic development is indeed true. Man is essentially gregarious and therefore cultural tourism with its benefits is unstoppable.The cultural tourists and the hosts are the actors and we are the audience. It means differently to from each one one of them. If the actors are allowed to have their own way, the inevitable result will be what the author Dr Jim concludes with, that is development. there is no doubt cultural tourism is ontogenesis segment of the travel market Mass trade is giving way to one- to-one marketing with travel being tailored to the interests of the individual consumer.A growing number of visitors are becoming special interest travellers who rank the arts, heritage and/or other cultural activities as one of the top five reasons for travelling(nasaa-arts. org). It has been said that mass tourism has had its detrimental effect but there are advocates for mass tourism for its own benefits. Certain undesirable conflicts of cultures are that harmless side effects and are not to be taken seriously for the sake of bigger benefits cultural tourism.On the whole Dr Jims contribution in this chapter leaves the reader more informed and makes him act responsibly as an audience whether as a policy maker or whoever, in companionship to preserve and promote the goodness of cultural tourism markedly different from mass tourism. REFERENCES Butcher, J. (ed) (2001), Innovations in Cultural Tourism, ATLAS, Tilburg http//www. canterbury. ac. uk/business-sciences/sport-science-tou rism-and-leisure/staff/dr-jim-butcher. asp accessed on July 12, 2006 http//www. nasaa-arts. org accessed on July 13, 2006 http//portal. unesco. org/culture/en/ev. php-accessed on July 13, 2006

Work and Environment Essay Example for Free

Work and Environment EssayWork may refer to benevolent labor Employment House seduce Labor (economics), measure of the attain done by human being beings Manual labor, physical work done by people Wage labor, in which a prole sells their labor and an employer buys it Work (project counsel), the effort applied to produce a deliverable or accomplish a task Environment may refer to Environment (biophysical), the physical and biological factors along with their chemical interactions that come to an organism Environment (systems), the surroundings of a physical system that may interact with the system by exchanging mass, energy, or other properties Environments (series), a series of LPs, cassettes and CDs depicting natural sounds Built environment, constructed surroundings that provide the background knowledge for human activity, ranging from the large-scale civic surroundings to the personal places Knowledge environment Social environment, the culture that an individua l lives in, and the people and institutions with whom they interact Work environment means the milieus well-nigh a person. It is your social and professional environment in which you argon supposed to interact with a number of people. All of them are to be at that place with you. They are working there. They are supposed to co-ordinate with you in one way or he other. They may be working under you or you may be working under them. It depends upon your commit at status at a work place. It is not important that an office would always be called your work place.It can be your home environment where you use to work for all the time where you are supposed to interact with your family members by and by. This environment is all about(predicate) the people at your home and those who overhear any concern at your home. Work environment does not only counts the living world tings exactly also the materialistic world stuff. It may count the room or home where you are working. It may cou nts the things that you are using in one way or the other. It is all about things and livings that are around you where you are working. Hope it is clear now.A work environment can be identified as the place that one works. i. e. -in an office building in a cube, at home at the kitchen table, from a car or truck, at a construction site. All are work environments. We tend, however, to hear about healthy work environments. This can point to other factors in the work environment, such as co-workers, mental strain quality, ergonomic seating, management (the boss ), child care, parking, noise, and even the size of ones cube. A work environment doesnt quest a job. It requires that work has to be done in some place.Say you need to do homework. Where do you do it? At school in study hall? At your kitchen table? On the bedight at a friends house? These can also be considered work environments. A hostile work environment exists when an employee experiences workplace harassment and fears g oing to work because of the offensive, intimidating, or oppressive atmosphere generated by the harasser. A hostile work environment may also be created when management acts in a panache designed to make an employee quit in retaliation for some action.For example, if an employee reported safety violations at work, was injured, move to join a union, or in some way caused trouble for the management, then their response cogency be to harass and pressure the employee to quit. Actions that could be taken in furtherance of this might include unconnected disciplinary procedures, reduced hours or wages, unreasonable scheduling or workload or similar things. The play alongs behavior in lieu of termination avoids the need to pay unemployment benefits.The anti-discrimination statutes governing hostile work environment are not a general civility code. Thus, federal law does not revoke simple teasing, offhand comments, or isolated incidents that are not extremely serious. Rather, the conduc t must be so objectively offensive as to alter the conditions of the individuals employment. The conditions of employment are modify only if the harassment culminates in a tangible employment action or are sufficiently severe or pervasive. An effective work environment is vital to the success of small businesses and large corporations alike.When problems breathe unsolved and rules never get implemented, the result can be an unproductive staff and a frigid work environment. People working together with a common denominator will accomplish tasks with greater allay and have higher expectations of themselves and their work. (success and passion)A positive work environment is critical no matter how many employees you have. It is management that fosters the work atmosphere so they are responsible for conducting things in a way that helps raise peoples spirits. thither are four basic beliefs Hope Trust Pleasure Opportunity

Ethics Game Reflective Journal Essay Example for Free

morals Game Reflective Journal EssayNursing has evolved throughout the years. Gone are the days that the man of nursing geared towards following the orders of senior members on the profession and initiation of routine procedures. In straight offs nursing, nurses are valued and needed for their reasoning as well as intellectual skills. The changes in nursing require the desire to be more responsible and contributory to the wellbeing of those that needed care. These changes take to more mixed ethical dilemmas that nurses encounter. This paper aims to forget a reflection on the Ethical Dilemmas presented on the Ethics Game Simulation, the decision-making steps taken to address the ethical bring outs, how the ethical concepts influenced the decisions made, and the application of the ethical concepts to a medical-surgical unit. The Case of the Troubled TeenThis matter illustrates Rachel Banks a 16 year-old teenager who got pregnant out of marriage ceremony and currently on he r tenth hour of labor on the OB/GYN unit at Seva medical exam Center. Shes accompanied by her parents. Rachels parents are instructing the provide nurses to withhold the pain medication as punishment for take hold ofting pregnant before getting married. Since Rachel Banks is a minor, legally, the parents can decide for her. The nurses are implicated due to the possible detrimental health effects that the situation can cause to Rachel and her unborn featherbed, Lily. The nurses besides became aware that the parents may not be amply educated on the consequences of their decision. In order to manufacture an ethical decision on this case, I used the Baird Decision Model which provided five frameworks Step 1 Be attentive, Step 2 Be Intelligent, Step 3 Be Reason adequate to(p), Step 4 Be Responsible, and Step 5 Be Reflective (University of Phoenix, 2013).The of import issue in this case is how to ensure that Rachel and the baby get appropriate and timely medical care. I reviewed the e-mails and communications gathered in order to get a picture of the situation and see that the best possible solution arise. Upon understanding the main issue of this case, Ive identified that the primary stakeholders includes Rachel Banks, her parents, her unborn child, the staff nurse, and the primary nurse because they will be impact on the decisions made in this situation. After identifying the main issue and the primary stakeholders, using the rights/responsibilities lens I was able to identify that my obligations and duties includes providing the best possible care to Rachel Banks and her unborn child, not to accommodate parents who are harming their child, and also support my staffs professional improvement.On the results lens, I was able to recognize what would create the superlative good for the greatest number of stakeholders which was to involve the nurses and the parents in assessing need for medication intervention and also provide information for aftercare supp ort and education. I believe that the decision made on this scenario benefits both the longanimous and her family. By involving the parents in the assessment of Rachels medical needs, conflict is alleviated and thus, creates a positive outcome.The Case of the Policies and governanceThis case is about Alain Trottier, a patient brought in the emergency room by his domestic partner, Yves. Alain was admitted to the intensive care unit unit and has been unconscious. The day- shift supervisor, Carlotta Baldwin is preventing Yves from seeing the patient and refuses provide information regarding the patient because he is not an true(a) family member. However, according to the hospital policy, domestic partners are to be set as married couples for the purposes of access and, nigh importantly, when it must be determined who can actualize medical decisions for a patient unable to sink their own consent. My duty as the nurse taking care of Alain is to identify the critical issue in this situation which is the cost treatment and access of gay partners at Seva Medical Center as equal to those of straight couples. Upon identifying this as the main issue, it is easier to analyze the problem. Again, the following stakeholders were identified Alain Trottier (patient), Yves (domestic partner), Carlotta Baldwin, RN (shift supervisor), Amelia Flinch (Director of Nursing), the shareholders of the hospital, and lastly, I the staff nurse taking care of Alain.This scenario has led to the identification of relationship lens. The relationship lens focuses on the community. The main concern of this lens is to provide basic liberties to all people (University of Phoenix, 2013). The three rights represented in this case were right to participate in decision-making for an unconscious family member, right to have hospital policy regarding participation by family members implemented, and right to be informed that your interpretation of hospital policy is inaccurate. I believe that th ese rights are the major component of this lens because it focuses on the patient, family, and healthcare providers. Upon understanding the basic rights related to this situation, the following actions such as educating all employees with hospital policies, establishing a taskforce to switch sure that the policies are put into practice and conducting yearly audits to make sure that the policies are implemented.These actions will ensure that the patient will benefit greatly on the policies placed on the facility. Lastly, the reputation lens discusses the virtues important for leadership core competencies such as managing diversity, problem-solving, self-knowledge, decision feeling and fairness. These values are important because of the overall positive effect that it can bring to the patient and the facility. My lowest decision in this case is to note on Alains chart that Yves is to be given access and treated as family.Speak to Carlotta about my decision and let my supervisor k now. I believe that this decision has no risk. This decision has demonstrated that I am fully conditioned on the hospital policies and also implementing what I know for the benefit of my patient. By assuring equal access will likely improve the hospitals status in the community. Lastly, by informing Carlotta Baldwin and the supervisor know of the decision can be a message that further education is needed for all employees to be more aware and knowledgeable of the hospital policies.Ethical Dilemma at a Medical-Surgical UnitIve been working as a RN at a medical-surgical unit for almost a year now. I still rent myself as a novice nurse and I feel that I havent been undetermined to a lot of ethical dilemmas. However, I believe that pain management or providing pain eternal sleep can be an ethical dilemma for any nurse. The ethical issue is this can we as nurses undertreat a patients pain because we are concerned about the repercussions or because we know that the patient is accusto m to the medication.I believe when challenging situations like this arise, I need to be conscious of my own biases and make evidence-based decisions that can provide optimal treatment to the patient. By not being judgmental, I can fully assess what would benefit my patient greatly and include him/her on the treatment plan- giving autonomy. By including the patient I can also decrease the harm because I will have a get around understanding of what will work best for my patient, and lastly, by hindering my biases I will be able to treat my patients pain in a non-discriminating way possible.As nurses continues to encounter complex ethical dilemmas as the profession and society gears forward, we must still go back on the infrastructure of nursing in accordance to the mission of Florence Nightingale nurses are missioners of health dedicated to the advancement of tender welfare.ReferencesUniversity of Phoenix. (2013). Ethics Game Simulation Multimedia. Retrieved from University of Phoe nix, HCS478 website.

Reflecting on Wisdom Essay Example for Free

Reflecting on Wisdom demonstrateThe one individual that I consider to be very wise is Bishop T.D. can. Even though, I learn never met him face-to-face words spoken by him has inspired mass congregations as well as me. Opposing to common beliefs, information is not the ability to be associationable rough everything, but to a certain extent holding an open mind to additionally enhance comprehensions A wise individual considers anything they say before they speak and discuss about ara of circumstances he/she knows about and asks questions about the ones he/she are not familiar with. Individuals who have wisdom are inclined to be abject instead of displaying show-offs mentality. A wise individual have a tendency not to be hawkish and do not mind if others have the notion to accuse them of being wrong. People with wisdom in addition know that people will gain knowledge at their avouch rate and in their own time, therefore not staring down on someone just because they are not evenly understood. Wise people have great insight and a gifted ability to articulate it without calumny or embarrassing others.My favorite characteristic of a wise somebody is their ability to look beyond what is obvious (especially in unfavorable circumstances) and focus on the subject at hand. It must be besides being made aware of that wisdoms come from life encounters, mirror image and/or educational training. Bishop T.D. lav holds these characteristics traits as an individual of wisdom. Bishop Jakes uses illustrations from his personal experiences in life, in addition to the lives of others which is under his counseling Bishop Jakes provides pointed guidance on how to shift from battle to triumph, from prey to conqueror. Motivating and revitalizing direct honesty, this is the ultimate obtain for those seeking to comprehend and care for the love ones in their lives. This lends a hand decoding individuals often impenetrable conduct which offers one-on-one approaches for better understanding and therapeutic in a persons affiliations. Books such as, He-Motions written by Bishop T.D.Jakes have put into words precision and arithmetic mean to everyone which help them strengthen their relationships with themselves, others, and with their Savior.It has also given females the explanations they try to find as they communicate to the men they be devoted to. It may seem unbelievable to some because of the fact a book causing so whiley people to get nearer as one in relationships and closer to God. Wisdom is that refer of spirituality by which creates the greatest potential outcome with the greatest potential measures through ministry and spirituality. Wisdom and intellect-knowledge are not equivalent, yet are strongly associated. Knowledge is obtained by building up information, but wisdom is effects from the approaching of issues that are learned. Knowledge is the bits and pieces made known through which wisdom put unneurotic its formation. An individual not educated possibly will be wiser than the most knowledgeable intellectual in actuality time and again areWhile speaking of Bishops wisdom, it stands for his capability to formulate flawless conclusions and to fulfil those conclusions by great measures. Bishop in his wisdom makes use of the unlimited knowledge so that he may accomplish his objective in a means which praises God the greatest. All that is done by him seems to be active with flawless wisdom. Bishop perceives every thing in its proper relation to everything else, and so He is able to piddle toward His predestined goals with flawless precision. These are the reason, Bishop T.D. Jakes is known by many as a man of wisdom. He has changed lives through his knowledge of the Bible.There is not any study of more importance or value than a study of the nature and attributes of spirituality. In the past few years, I have been worn-out deeper into what is known as, The Words of God. This is the reason why attributes of spir ituality is the area, in which I have veritable most fully. At the same time, not anything in life worth having was ever gained overnight. Therefore, I nip much work is ahead for me to fully develop in future years come. Neither knowledge nor wisdom is gained overnight it is a continuous growth process for years to come.

The wire showing its resistance Essay Example for Free

The wire covering its oppositeness EssayI want to find out how the aloofness of a wire changes the dress sense of voltage and current flowing though the wire showing its resistance. My prediction for the try out is that as the length of the wire increases the resistance impart also increase and as the wire decreases so will the resistance. I think this will happen because the loose electrons ar being transported around the circuit and the wire will provide resistance to these, as it is like cracking by a sponge rather than air. And so as there is much wire or sponge to pass through it will fool increasingly time-consuming and that is why I predicted that.I will change the length of wire between 20cm and 100cm in intervals of 10cm each of these lengths I will do 3 times at different voltages, which argon 0. 3v, 0. 6v and 0. 9v. I think this is important to ensure a reliable average. I will measure the measure of voltage and current passing through the circuit. I w ill deliver the voltage the same through each set of experiments e. g. at 0. 3v I will make sure there is 0. 3v at 20cm and 0. 3v at 100cm by using a variable power pack. I will keep the same wires that fall in up the circuit so that they have the same resistance for each experiment.I will keep the adjustable wire the same and use the same crocodile clips, voltmeter, ammeter and power pack to ensure a amusement park test. Doing a preliminary experiment helped me to decide what ammeter and voltmeter to use also what voltage to run through the circuit and how short the wire can get before overheating. It also helped me confirm my prediction. It helped me decide to use a digital voltmeter because it gave more completed readings. The equiptment I will need Power Pack 5 wires Ammeter 1 metre of wire 2 crocodile clips Voltmeter Diagram Resutls Table and Graph.Length of wire (cm) Ex 1 present-day(prenominal) at 0. 3 volts ( ) Ex 2 accredited at 0. 6 volts ( ) Ex 3 Current at 0. 9 vo lts ( ) Ex 1 Actual potentiality (v) Ex 2 Actual Voltage (v) Ex 3 Actual Voltage (v) Length of wire (cm) Ex 1 Current x Actual Voltage ( ) Ex 2 Current x Actual Voltage ( ) Ex 3 Current x Actual Voltage ( )Conclusion I have found out that the longer a wire the more resistance in that circuit which is exactly the same as my prediction.The trends and patterns are that the longer the wire the smaller the difference in current and resistance. As in experiment 1 the difference in resistance between 10cm and 20cm is 0. 16 but the difference between 90cm and 100cm is just 0. 01. The footing we got these results is because the longer or larger a circuit that the current has to pass through the more resistance there is for the current because the wire provides resistance to the current and the more of that wire the current has to pass through the higher the resistance is going to be.The results arent exactly what I predicted because I thought the graph would be a straight line and not curv ed, I dont know why this is. Evaluation I think that the experiment went very well and I got the results I predicted and did not have any odd results. My method was in all probability the best method for carrying out this experiment. I could improve it though by doing each experiment more times and at smaller intervals of wire size e. g. every 5cm.I could make the results more accurate by making sure the voltage was exactly what is meant to be e. g. 0. 6v not 0.605v. I think I have enough data to support my conclusion and the results are reliable however I could make them more reliable by doing each experiment more times. I think to provide more evidence for my idea by doing wires with different widths or thickness to prove that the more for the current to pass through the more the resistance.Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student pen piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and magnetic force section.

The Function and Process of Perception Essay Example for Free

The Function and Process of Perception EssayThe number and process of perception can vary depending on a particular landed estate of consciousness. Normal vigilant consciousness is a mental state that encompasses the thoughts, feelings, and perceptions that occur when we are awake and reasonably alert (Morris Maisto, 2010, p. 123). Since this state of mind expires after an amount of time, other forms of consciousness follow whether naturally or self-induced. While sensory(a) data is inevitable, the head words interpretation and perception of such stimuli during an adapted state of consciousness will differ from that of wakeful consciousness. This mini-paper will elaborate on the effects of perception, including its process and single-valued function, related to three altered states of consciousness. The first macrocosm sleep and dreams, next drug-altered consciousness, followed by hypnosis. Before discussing the effects of perception composition in an altered state, an overview of the basal function and process of perception in a normal setting is needed. Sensation is the bodys initial assure with a sensory experience. This begins when the sensory receptors receive might from a particular stimulus, which trigger receptor cells.The bodily energy is converted into electrochemicals, then passes along sensory nerves, to the central nervous system where the brain receives the energy as a detailed mental object. However, not all physical energy mystifys a sensation. A lower limit intensity, termed absolute threshold, must be achieved in order to produce a sensation. Perception takes place when the message reaches the brain and is then deciphered. Here, the sensory information is organized and interpreted to be made sense of. employ sensory information as raw material, the brain creates perceptual experiences that go beyond what is sensed this instant (Morris Maisto, 2010, p. 06).Again, this is the series of events in the normal waking state of consciousness. During an altered state of consciousness the effect, process, and/or function of perception may vary. Sleep is the bodys natural way of recharging itself mentally and physically. Research has shown that adequate sleep contributes to cognitive functioning such as enhanced creativity, decision-making, and problem-solving skills, and also crucial to the formation of long-term memories (Morris Maisto, 2010). These are or so of the basis of perception, hence the reason for its peak during waking consciousness.REM sleep, or paradoxical sleep, ironically, is a destination resemblance to waking consciousness. However, REM is a deep sleep, it is difficult to wake the person, and is when most dreaming takes place. Dreams, in a way, could be considered perception. The brain subconsciously interprets information without the need of sensory stimulation. Psychologists define dreams as opthalmic and auditory experiences that our minds create during sleep (Morris Maisto, 2010, p . 131). This is an example of a natural occurrence of altering consciousness. Drug-altered consciousness on the other hand, is self-induced.Psychoactive drugs are substances that change peoples moods, perceptions, mental functioning, or behavior (Morris Maisto, 2010, p. 134). Drugs are taken to by design alter ones state of consciousness. To analyze the effect drugs have on the nervous system, three categories of drugs will be mentioned depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. Depressants slow behavior, thinking, and perception by increasing or decreasing nerve impulses. Stimulants, such as amphetamines, produce feelings of optimism as well as never-ending energy by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system.These drugs causal agent the release of norepinephrine from adrenergic nerve endings (Weil, n. d. ). Lastly, hallucinogens distort the users senses and induce perceptual changes by causing experiences that agree hallucinations. A positive for psychoactive drugs is the abi lity to explore different parts of the brain while in this altered state of consciousness. Although, the negative consequences of abuse and addiction are high risk. The last section is a technique that has been used for centuries for positivity, without the risk. Hypnosis is a trancelike state in which a person responds readily to suggestions (Morris Maisto, 2010, p. 50).This is an altered state of consciousness that works like sleep. The subconscious person receives a suggestion, which acts as a stimulus, and is displace to and interpreted by the brain. Hypnosis can help ease pain as well as resume an addiction. In conclusion, perceptual experiences vary in different forms of consciousness. Whether it be the sensory organs or the brain itself, interpretation of the coded message is somehow changed. The process and function of perception in waking consciousness differs from those while in an altered state of consciousness.

Social responsibility

Social responsibility2.Social responsibilities of an organisationSocial responsibility is an good or ideological theory that an entity whether it is a goernment, corporation, organization or individual has a responsibility to society. This responsibility bed be negative, in that it is a responsibility to refrain from acting (resistance stance) or it can be positive, nitty-gritty at that place is a responsibility to act (proactive stance). While primarily associated with agate line and governmental practices, activist groups and topical anesthetic communities can overly be associated with social responsibility, non only business or governmental entities. (Wikipedia, 2008) origin is anticipate to create wealth and employment, while society is expected to provide a favourable surround for the business to flourish. The value and ethical standards that a participation adopts ar the long-term assets of the organization. There are a number of tasks that a business has to fulfi l to the society. These embarrass the financial task, political task, environment task, adaptive task, economical task, and social tasks. Financial tasks involve laying down policies and guidelines for the proper functioning of the financial systems.The environmental tasks include the responsibility of an organization towards the environment. With the perceptions of the consumers changing towards products that are harmful to the environment, companies become to show their concern for the environment by producing environment anyy friendly products. The maintenance tasks include the involvement of organizations with non-profit organizations in providing service to the society.Social task include providing equal opportunity for all the members of the society by organizations and taking into consideration the basic human fulls of an employee. The track an organization responds to its responsibility to the society has been proveed with special reference to the enlightenment matrix . Further the social challenges of an organization mother been discussed with familiarity involvement choice flow. It is a process that guides an organization in fulfilling its role to the society. (ICMR Case studies, 2007)The 10 Best unified Citizens for the year 2007 in Sri Lanka were (in alphabetical order) Aitken Spence AMW Cargills CTC Holcim JKH Nestle Lanka Sampath Bank HSBC Unilever The awards honour the corporate community for their efforts in promoting Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and evaluate its applicants on five categories before selecting the Best Corporate Citizen. Leading up to the grand award, best practices in Community Relations, Employee relations, Customer relations, Economic Performance, and Environment depart be rewarded with awards to the top three Corporate Citizens. Awards will as well as be given to the winners of each stakeholder household and to the Top Ten Best Corporate Citizens. (Sunday Times, 2008)2.1 tag of conductA statement and description of wishful deportments, responsibilities, and actions expected of employees of an organization or of members of a professional body. A code of conduct usually focuses on ethical and socially responsible issues and applies to individuals, providing guidance on how to act in cases of mistrust or confusion. In simple its a set of rules to guide behaviour and ratiocinations. (B-Net Business Dictionary, 2008) 2.2 Stakeholders and Business responsibilities towards themA company has responsibilities to a wide range of interested parties, people who require a stake in what the company does. A companys stakeholders so defined include non only its customers, owners, rifleforce, suppliers and their families, but besides those living near its sites, as well as special interest groups, and of course society as a whole, including society in its role as steward of the environment. (Times Newspapers Ltd and MBA Publishing Ltd, 2008)In call of understanding the targets o f a business or other organisation, there are deuce traditional views. 1. The Shareholder Concept In the theory of be and finance, it is assumed that the objective of the business is to maximise the value of a company. Put simply, this means that the managers of a business should create as much wealth as possible for the shareholders. Given this objective, any financing or investment conclusion that is expected to improve the value of the shareholders stake in the business is acceptable. In short, the objective for managers running a business should be profit maximisation, both in the short and long-term.2. The Stakeholder Concept In recent years, a wider variety of goals have been suggested for a business. These include the traditional objective of profit maximisation (in other words the shareholder concept has not been abandoned). However, they besides include goals relating to earnings per share, total sales, poem employed, measures of employee welfare, manager satisfaction, environmental protection and many others.A major reason for increasing adoption of a Stakeholder Concept in setting business objectives is the recognition that businesses are affected by the environment in which they operate. Businesses come into regular contact with customers, suppliers, government agencies, families of employees, special interest groups. (Tutor2u, 2007)Therefore stake holders can be categorized as internal and external. Internal stakeholders Shareholders Employees Management External stakeholdersConsumers Suppliers Creditors Competitors CommunityShareholders are spellant to the business, be bring in they have a primary stake in the business. Organizations responsibilities towards the stakeholders are to provide professional management, fair returns on their investment, fail relevant culture, protect shareholders assets etc. The organizations responsibility towards employees are improving working conditions, maintaining open and honest communications, accep t suggestions/complaints, providing equal opportunity etc. Management plays a key role in balancing the multiplex claims of stakeholders.Therefore the responsibility of management involves maintaining wellnessy relationships among the stakeholders. The organizations responsibilities towards consumers include offering quality goods, providing prompt services, treating customers fairly etc. Good relations with suppliers will determine the profitability of the company. The company must treat its suppliers with respect. Suppliers /creditors must be paid now. Companies must also follow ethical competitive practices. Finally, the responsibilities of the organization are, respecting human refines, improving study respectablety and economic well being etc. (ICMR Case studies, 2007) 2.3 Investors rightsAs a shareholder in a company, you can enjoy certain rights To invite the share certificates, on allotment or conveyancing as the case may be, in due time. To receive copies of the a bridged Annual Report, the Balance woodworking plane and the PL A/c and the Auditors Report. To participate and vote in the general meeting, either in person or in proxy. To receive dividends in due time once approved in General Meetings. To receive corporate benefits such as rights, bonus, etc. once approved. To apply to the connection Law gameboard (CLB) to waul or direct the Annual General Meeting. To inspect the minute books of the General Meetings and to receive copies thereof. To proceed against the company by way of civil or criminal proceedings. To apply for the companys winding-up. To receive the residual proceeds. Group rights in any shell these rights you enjoy as an individual shareholder, you also enjoy the following rights as a group To segregation an extra-ordinary general meeting. To demand a poll on any resolution. To apply to CLB to investigate the companys affairs. To apply to CLB for ministration in cases of oppression and/or mismanagement. D ebenture holder As a debenture-holder, you have the right to perk up interest/redemption in due time. Receive a copy of the trust deed on request. Apply for the companys winding up if it fails to pay its debt. Approach the Debenture trustee with your grievance. The above mentioned rights may not necessarily be absolute. For instance, the right to transfer securities is subject to the companys right to refuse transfer according to the statutory provisions. Your responsibilities While you may be happy to learn of your rights as a stakeholder in the company that should not lead you to satisfaction because you have also certain responsibilities To remain informed. To be vigilant. To participate and vote in general meetings. To exercise your rights on your own or as a group. (The Hindu Business Line, 2001)2.4 respectable and Moral dilemmas face by businesses One of the defining features of an ethical infringe is that it involves being pulled among two or more objectives, valu es, or ideals which often draw secure emotional reactions. The competing objectives or values may both be ethical in nature, as in the conflict between loyalty to a friend and duty to report that friends unlawful behaviour. Alternately, one of the competing values may be ethical (e.g., the zest to divine service a person in need or in danger) while the other is pragmatic (e.g., financial prudence or self-protection). In either situation, a moral or ethical conflict more than other conflicts often has a strong emotional component. One of the challenges decision makers face in such situations is the need to integrate their emotional reactions to different choice options with their cognitive evaluations of the possible or expected placecomes of these options. Following this definition of an ethical decision, ethical or moral decisions do not simply incorporate a particular proposition content domain of decisions that parallels and complements other content domains such as financi al decision making or recreational decision making(Weber, Blais, Betz, 2002). Instead, ethical decisions can occur in any meaty content domain putting it differently, many decisions across content domains include ethical aspects or considerations. The factors that founder to whether a specific decision is being construed as an ethical issue or a wellness or financial issue are themselves an important topic of experiential investigation that have implications for the ethical pedagogy and education. Morality can be defined as a system of judging acts in light of an ideal or a code of conduct. Moral judgments involve judgments well-nigh what somebody (either the decision maker or another person) should do in a certain situation. Haidt (2001) defines moral judgments as judgments rough the actions or character of other people, utilize as a standard of comparison the moral prescriptions and ideals of ones civilization or subculture, which are frequently formalized in written or unw ritten codes of conduct. Most scholars chink that moral or ethical decisions need to be intentional and in response to a disposition of obligation that is shaped by an ideal. (Blasi, 1987)Mainly there are four types of psychological processes when behaving morally. interpret the situation in terms of the actions possible, and the effects of these actions on the self and others judge which course of action is morally right give priority to what is morally right over other considerations demonstrate the strength and skills to follow finished on the intention to behave morally. (L.K Trevino, 1992)Here is a good example explaining above facts.A muliebrity called Shani works for a company that treats people simply as a means for making profits. Customers are appreciated and engaged solely for the purpose of adding to the bottom line. She has found it difficult to find other employment, and has a family to provide for one of her juicyest values. One day Shani is pressured by her boss to increase her performance (get more customers using any means possible) or she will be terminated. The conflicting values for her are Providing for her family Providing an honest old age work for an honest days pay Valuing people over profits. At this point she is clearly set ab let on with a moral dilemma. The dilemma was not quickly or easily resolved, but here is what Shani did She do a decision to never violate her second and third values. In her mind people incessantly come before profits. She also complimentss to be known as a good employee with a strong work ethic who works hard and gets the job done. She made a conscious decision to do her best in fulfilling her bosses instructions (i.e. get more customers) with let on violating her value of people over profits. Her production meliorate as she worked harder and she k saucy she was contributing to the organization in ethical ways. She also stepped up her job search. That day she came to the identification tha t the companys values and hers did not mesh. She k recent that she would have to remove venues in order for her to be able to feel contented in her work while providing for her family. Today she does a similar job for a different company, and loves it. In her job search she made sure she asked important questions or so how the companys values would fit with her own. In her new company she is able to be productive, value the customer over company profits, and provide for her family.2.5 Organisations encourage ethical behaviour As an airline company directors and employees in Jet Airways should attempt to promote ethical behaviour and to encourage employees to report evidence of illegal or unethical behaviour to appropriate family personnel. It is the policy of the Company to not allow retaliation against any employee who makes a good faith report about a possible violation of this Code.Suspected violations of this Code may be reported to the Chairman of the Board or the Chairman of the Audit Committee. All reported violations will be appropriately investigated. When in doubt of the best course of action in a particular situation, employees are encouraged to talk promptly to their supervisor, managers or the Head of Human Resources. Employees are expected to fully cooperate in internal investigations of misconduct. (Jet Airways Sri Lanka, 2006)Patients, consumers, doctors and governments want to use medicines from companies that they trust. Therefore, ethics policies require all GSK employees to meet the highest standards of ethical and legal compliance in their work. Company has led efforts to create the first marketing code for the Sri Lanka Chamber of the Pharmaceutical Industry based on the IFPMA Code. These are some of the policies they conduct to encourage ethical behaviour GSKs 12,000 managers completed self-certification confirming that they comply with our Code of Conduct. All new sales and marketing staff in the US completed ethics training and o ver 9,000 existing staff received two hours of annual refresher training. Employees are encouraged to undertake help and to report any concerns or suspected cases of misconduct. They can do this through their line management, our profits of compliance officers, or through our confidential Integrity Help lines. (GlaxoSmithKline, 2007) 2.6 Rights and responsibilities of employers and employeesEmployers and employees have responsibilities to each other where they should also expect their rights to be upheld. These rights and responsibilities relate to areas such as Health and Safety, the provision of Terms and Conditions of Employment, refer Opportunities and the right to be paid a minimum Wage. The Health and Safety at Work lay outs set out responsibilities and rights for both employees and employers. Employees are expected to carry out their work in a way that has attachment to the safety of others. Employers are expected to abide by a range of requirements giving medication s uch aspects as providing safe machinery and equipment, carrying out regular health and safety checks, ensuring the training of employees in health and safety issues, and carrying out a risk assessment to assess the dangers of particular work activities. There are also specific regulations about the way in which potentially harmful substances should be used and stored. There are a number of requirements about the minimum temperature at work, and other aspects of working conditions.Employees are expected to receive the terms and conditions of their work setting out when their work commences, what their main duties are, who they are accountable to, rates of pay, and other entitlements.Equal Opportunities legislation sets out that all employees should receive the same pay and conditions for carrying out the same or more often than not similar work. There are also laws against sexual, racial and disability discrimination. The Minimum Wage Act sets out the Minimum Wage that workers can e xpect to receive which today is more than a 5 an hour. The Minimum Wage is regularly reviewed and will increase over time. There is also European Union requirements governing the maximum number of hours that workers will be expected to work in a typical hebdomad which is currently set at 48 hours.Employers and employees are expected to meet minimum legal requirements for such areas as Health and Safety at Work, and minimum standards and conditions related to hours, and the treatment of people in the workplace. along with rights for employees there are corresponding responsibilities such as the expectation to work in a safe way and to have regard for the safety of work colleagues. (Times Newspapers Ltd and MBA Publishing Ltd, 2008) 2.7 Ethical issues caused by information engineeringEthics and the Information Revolution, De George (2003) describes his approach to the ethical questions he will discuss. He locates the issues within a joint and universal framework of ethical norms. Mu rder, thievery and other such acts are generally inconsistent with societal norms across societies despite their cultural differences. Within a society, norms exist for many practices that bear certain similarities to new and emerging practices made possible by information technologies. This suggests a two-step method. First, when evaluating a new practices such as monitoring e-mail, one can use analogical reasoning from similar practices and norms for example, opening and education private correspondence.He applies his method of analysis to the general system of IT taken as the basis for the information society. Here he argues that core values of an information-centric society are truthfulness, accuracy, information sharing, and trust. While important in other types of society (agricultural, industrial), these values take on greater role in an information economy, in contrast to punctuality, for example, which is critical in an assembly-line industrial economy.Ruth Rikowski (2006) pointed out that computers are changing the face of the work scene. For some people, their jobs are becoming redundant or they have to play quite different roles, and others are suffering increasing levels of stress from work pressures. Others are, obviously, reaping the benefits of having more rewarding jobs, and there is certainly more accent on knowledge, information and I.T. skills than ever before. However, this all clearly poses various ethical issues. Should those that lose their jobs be even up? How can the pressure be eased on those that are suffering stress? Is it acceptable for computer programmers to be made redundant on the spot etc? There are many ethical issues that need to be addressed here.Clearly writing and spreading virus programs are unethical acts. They have precise serious consequences, and cause systems to crash and organisations to cease operating for certain periods. One of the most concerning consequences of such actions is when viruses part the smoo th functioning of an organisation such as a hospital, which could in extreme cases even cause people to die. Logic bombs are also sometimes planted. There is obviously a lot of anti-virus packet on the market now though that helps to deal with this ever-growing problem.Many different computer crimes are committed, which clearly poses ethical questions for society. Various illegal acts are performed on computers, such as fraud and embezzlement. This includes, for example, using visualize and desktop publishing to create, copy or alter official documents and graphic images. There are also various ethical dilemmas, such as whether copying such files is as bad as stealing something.So, this conflict might mean that companies do not, in reality, give enough consideration to the ethical issues in I.T., as the drive to create new products and upgrade products, thereby raising the profit margin, takes precedence over moral considerations. Some of the ethical issues in I.T. are being tackl ed more effectively though (although there is obviously always room for improvement). Great efforts are being made in regard to conclusion ways to deal with viruses, for example, and more and more attention is now being given to ergonomic and health issues.3. industrial relations 3.1 Trade unions The field of industrial relations (also called get the picture relations) looks at the relationship between management and workers, particularly groups of workers represented by a union. Sri Lanka has approximately 1000 Trade Unions. Out of these about 20 have more than 100,000 members. Out of these 1000 Trade Unions, 750 are in Government parts where labour laws do not apply. These workers come under the establishment code. Only 30 per cent of the countrys workforce is unionized in Trade Unions. Here are some deal unions in Sri Lanka. All Ceylon coupled drive Workers Union Ceylon Federation of Labour Ceylon Mercantile Union GCSU Sri Lanka United Corporations and Mercantile Union (Wik ipedia, 2008) 3.2 Enterprise negociateEnterprise bargaining is an about introducing change in the workplace with everyone sharing the benefits. It is an opportunity for an employer and his/her employees, either directly or through their union representatives, to undertake cooperative negotiations. Enterprise bargaining is a way to discuss how work is performed, conditions and productivity improvements that will benefit both employer and employees. This can foster a culture of change in the workplace which can be a valuable tool in the process of dogging improvement. It can assist in the creation of vital, responsive and flexible enterprises and improve productivity and efficiency. 3.3 Industrial fraysIndustrial dispute means any dispute or difference between anemployer and a workman or between employers and workmen orbetween workmen and workmen connected with the employment ornonemployment,orthetermsofemployment,orwiththeconditionsoflabour, or the termination of the services, or the reinstatement inservice, of any person, and for the purposes of this definitionworkmenincludesatradeunionconsistingofworkmen. (BOI, 2008)The Industrial Disputes Act (IDA) provides for the prevention, investigation and settlement of industrial disputes and for connected/incidental matters. The IDA also specifies the methods by which the Commissioner of Labour is empowered to help settle an industrial dispute. These methods are as follows. with reference to a Collective Agreement where such an balance is in force between employers and workmen Through conciliation at conference either by the Commissioner himself or an authorized officer (usually attached to the Industrial Relations Branch in the Department of Labour) Through involuntary arbitration.Where the parties to the dispute do not consent to reference of the dispute to an arbitrator, the Minister is empowered to refer the dispute for settlement by arbitration to an arbitrator or to a labour tribunal. The Minister can als o refer any industrial dispute to an Industrial Court for settlement.The ideal process would be for a time span to be fixed between the making of a complaint to the Labour Department and a reference to arbitration, tying up the processes of arbitration and conciliation so that the whole dispute could be settled within a reasonable length of time instead of the parties having to wait for years in order to see an end to the dispute. It may also be worth looking at the incident of establishing an Appeal Court to go into positions of dissatisfied parties within a short period of the arbitrators award so that settlement could be reached speedily. (Globalization and Industrial Relations in Sri Lanka, 2000) 3.4 Awards systemsSri Lanka Institute of Marketing (SLIM) carries out two major award systems in Sri Lanka. Peoples Awards This includes people from all walks of life advocating their favourite personality, brand, company, advertisement, film, teledrama, song etc. Men and women end-t o-end the island, excluding the North and the East, take part enthusiastically. To ensure that the results represent the diverse population of Sri Lanka, the interviews are carried out in all the provinces excluding North and East. SLIM Nielsen Peoples Awards is based on a sample survey conducted by The Nielsen Company encompassing a sample of 5,050, equally split between males and females, and between the ages of 16-65 years living in both urban and rural areas. The survey will go on for a period of 5 consecutive months with a random sample of 1,010 per month conducted through face to face interviews at an all island level (excluding north and East). The Nielsen Company assures quality and clarity of answers given by the respondents. To ensure accurate feedback, its squiffy quality control measures adhere to the WatchBuilder standards, a process, globally unique to the Nielsen Company. daub ExcellenceThe SLIM Brand Excellence Awards is a celebration of brand excellence at nationa l level and rewards the corking efforts of outstanding marketers. Through this event, SLIM endeavours to not only encourage best practices in branding, but also to boot local brands to global standards, to enhance the image of marketing in the country and that of SLIM in the region. This event translates as industry recognition of the motivation, dedication and hard work that great marketers have demonstrated in making brand champions. Each year panel of judges evaluates the contenders for each category of award, looking for those subtle qualities which elevate a brand above the sea of nondescript products. For the Brand Excellence Awards to be in truth successful there must be industry-wide, representative participation which will ensure healthy competition. (SLIM, 2008)4. Sri Lanka and world(prenominal) business 4.1 Trends in Sri Lankan tradeSri Lankas exportings grew 14.7 per centumage helped by strong prices for tea, while apparel exports grew by a slow 5.3 percent wher e the trade deficit expanded 92 percent on higher inunct and capital goods imports. The key Bank said April export earnings change magnitude 14.7 percent to 610 one million million million US dollars with agricultural and industrial exports contributing 59 percent and 37 percent. According to official data, agriculture exports grew 46.5 percent in April 2008 compared with a year ago on the back of increased export prices of tea. The average export price of tea was four US dollars a kilogram, the highest preserve up to then. Industrial exports grew by 6.9 percent supported by increased exports of garments, food, beverages, tobacco, rubber products, petroleum products and ceramics, official data showed. Cumulative exports during January to April 2008 grew 11.3 percent to 2,488 million US dollars.Expenditure on imports in April increased 37 percent to 1,269 million US dollars. The Central Bank said import expenses on consumer goods such as food expanded significantly in April 2008 owing to increased expenditure on rice and sugar. Import expenditure on intermediate goods which increased 38 percent from a year ago contributed 64 percent to the increase in import expenditure in April 2008. The Central Bank said import expenditure increased owing to high crude oil and fertilizer prices. Imports of investment goods such as transport equipment, machinery and building materials have also recorded a growth of 33.5 percent.The cumulative expenditure of imports during the first four months of 2008 amounted to US dollars 4,533 million, an increase of 37.4 percent from a year ago.The Central Bank said higher oil and capital goods imports have widened the trade balance from 394 million US dollars in April 2007 to 659 million US dollars in April 2008. The overall balance of payments recorded a surplus of 320 million US dollars from January to April 2008 increasing the gross official reserves to 3,383.8 million US dollars by endApril2008, which is sufficient to finance aro und 3.3 months of imports. (LBO, June 16,2008) 4.2 Trading partnersMajor trading partners Export (% of total, customs basis) US 28.2%, UK 11.5%, India 9.0%, Germany 4.1%.Export Commodities Textiles garments, tea, diamonds jewellery, petroleum. Import (% of total, customs basis) India 18.5%, China 10.5%, Singapore 8.7%, Hong Kong 4.2%.Import Commodities Mineral products, textiles, machinery transport equipment, base metals. United Kingdom Trade and Investment with the UKUK imports from Sri Lanka have consistently exceeded UK exports to Sri Lanka. Exports have declined during the period 2001 to 2004 from 142.4 million to 138.8 million and imports have steadily increased from 400.8 million to 466.9 million during the period 2001 to 2004. The UKs net investment in Sri Lanka has averaged some 50 million per annum over the last 20 years. The UK is the largest European investor in Sri Lanka and second overall in terms of projects. Further progress in the peace process would lead to more opportunities for British companies in Sri Lanka. cultural Relations with the UKThe British Council has English Teaching Centres in Colombo (one of the fastest growing in the interlocking with well over 3000 students) and Kandy, and is involved in English language projects throughout the island. It also runs busy libraries at the teaching centres, and maintains a lively arts programme. The Council runs an education information service that offers detailed information on all aspects of the British education system, and administers exams in Colombo and Kandy. In Sri Lanka the Council also works closely with the Ministry of program line on its education reform agenda, particularly at Primary level. (www.iptu.co.uk) USAThe Trade and Investment mannequin Agreement (TIFA), signed by the USA and Sri Lanka on 25th July 2002 in Washington DC, provides an ideal computer program for the two Governments to maintain a closer dialogue on a number of areas / fields that are of mutual intere st to them. On the Sri Lankan side (a