Extraction of Eugenol from Cloves Oil

Isolation of Acetyleugenol (Clove Oil) from Cloves Purpose In this experiment, you provide obtain the essential oil from splits by steam distillate. You will and thusly separate a component (acetyleugenol) from the oil by liquid-liquid extraction. Finally, you will confiscate the acetyleugenol by using a rotovap for reduced pressure distillation, which will score the organic resolvent (dichloromethane). Background Whole cloves contain between 14% and 20% by weight of essential oils, but only half(prenominal) of that great deal be isolated as acetyleugenol. Clove oil contains ii basic compounds eugenol and acetyleugenol.As a result of Daltons Law and Raoults Law, two of these substances can be eliminated from the cloves with a steam distillation. Eugenol is polar repayable to the acidic hydroxyl (OH) group, but acetyleugenol is non polar. As a result, they can be separated by extraction from a 5% sedimentary NaOH solution. Acetyleugenol will dissolve in the organic CH2C l2 stratum, firearm eugenol remains in the aqueous base tier as a phenoxide. This can be seen in the reaction below (where ArOH is eugenol), because dissolved ions prefer the aqueous phase. ArOH(aq) + OH-(aq) ? ArO-(aq) + H2O(Liq)Acetyleugenol has no acid proton, and cannot ionize. So, it prefers the organic phase. Essential oils from plant materials are used at present for medicinal and other purposes. Among these oils are camphor, quinine, oil of cloves, cedarwood, turpentine, cinnamon, gum benzoin, and myrrh. The U. S. FDA has declared clove oil to be the most effective revive for a toothache. Substances 25 g whole cloves (350 g per lab arm) 100 ml DI wet (1. 5 L per lab section) 10 ml 5% NaOH (150 ml per lab section) 45 ml CH2Cl2 (650 ml per lab section) Mg SO4 or Na2SO4 (anhydrous) Apparatus Items in kit 50-ml round-bottomed flask distillation guide thermometer adapter large bore condenser Claisen adapter 125-ml separatory move Items not in kit Plastic funnel 100-ml gr aduated cylinder stands and clamps aluminum foil grooveing mantle (for 250-ml flask) 250-ml separatory funnel 125-ml Erlenmeyer flask w/ ballyhoo Rotovap Procedure 1. Place 25 g of whole cloves in a 250-ml round-bottomed flask, and add 100 ml of DI H2O. A plastic funnel can be used if necessary to transfer the cloves into the flask. 2. Set up a well-clamped simple distillation apparatus with the large bore condenser.Insert a Claisen adapter with a 125-ml separatory funnel between the flask and the distillation head, analogous to Fig. 23. 4 of Zubrick. Ensure the valve on the separatory funnel is closured. Then cover the flask, distillation head, and the bottom of the heating mantle with aluminum foil to insulate for a faster distillation rate. 3. Collect 60 ml of distillate. Also, simultaneously heat distilled water to 90oC on a hot plate for addition in step 4. 4. Add 60 ml of hot H2O to the separatory funnel, then open the stopcock to add the water to the flask. Be sure to rem ove stopper from funnel before opening its valve.Also, be sure to close the valve after adding the water. 5. Collect another 60 ml of distillate. 6. Add 10 ml of 5% NaOH solution to the distillate to neutralize (deprotonate) the eugenol. 7. Acetyleugenol is not real soluble in H2O, and is easily extracted from the distillate with CH2Cl2. Place the 130 ml of distillate solution in a 250-ml separatory funnel and remove the acetyleugenol with terzetto 15-ml portions of CH2Cl2. Gently shake the separatory funnel will fail to remove the acetyleugenol, just vigorous shaking will produce a boundary layer that is a visible organic- aqueous emulsion.Therefore, shake vigorously, and remove the lower layer up to, and not including, the emulsion. Caution -Pressure typically builds inside separatory funnel when shaken Be sure to vent stopcock frequently while shaking Do not vent towards yourself or any other individualist 8. Combine the CH2Cl2 extracts in a 125-ml Erlenmeyer flask and add just nice anhydrous magnesium sulfate or sodium sulfate (drying agents) so that the solid no longer clumps together. Stopper the flask, and let stand 5 minutes. (Note that stopper size is printed on the flask. ) 9.Decant the organic solution into a weighed 250- or 500-ml round-bottom flask. Leave solid drying agent behind. 10. With the instructors assistance, evaporate the solvent with the rotovap to isolate the liquid acetyleugenol. Obtain product mass. Waste governing body The used cloves can be discarded in the trash. The aqueous blow can be neutralized, and then emptied into the sink. Place used drying agent in the waste jar. Lab techs will place collected solvent from the rotovap in the waste jar as well. Recommended Reading Small Scale Syntheses, pp 25-26 (steam distillation) and 28-29 (extraction).McMurry, J. , constitutional Chemistry, pg 626 in 8e, or pg 603 in 7e (phenoxides). Zubrick, J. W. , The Organic Chem Lab Survivor Manual, sixth Ed, pp 183-7 (steam dist), 196- 9 (rotovap) and 321-2 (steam dist theory). www. chem beater. com en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Clove Data To Collect Determine mass of Acetyleugenol after evaporating the solvent in the rotovap. Theoretical Yield Basis See background section for maximum obtainable quantity. Actual Yield Basis Report the retrieve mass divided by the theoretical yield. Also report recovered(p) mass divided by the initial mass of cloves.For the compounds isolated section, find systematic names, as well as tabulated MPs and BPs, for twain compounds. Post-Lab Qs 1. Why is eugenol soluble in aqueous base while acetyleugenol is not? (Hint McMurry describes some important properties of phenols) 2. How can the eugenol be separated from the aqueous base layer? (after the acetyleugenol has been removed) 3. What properties of clove oil make it an effective remedy for a toothache? 4. How does steam distillation extract water-insoluble oils from the cloves? (Hint What do Daltons Law and Raoults Law tell us? ) 5. How does the rotovap function?